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The Skin Effect was first described in a paper by Horace Lamb in 1883 for the case of spherical
conductors, and was generalized to conductors of any shape by Oliver Heaviside in 1885.
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When an electromagnetic wave interacts with a conductive material, mobile charges within the
material are made to oscillate back and forth with the same frequency as the impinging
fields. The movement of these charges, usually electrons, constitutes an alternating
electric current, the magnitude of which is greatest at the conductor's surface. The decline
in current density versus depth is known as the skin effect and the skin depth is a measure
of the distance over which the current falls to 1/e of its original value.
Skin Effect has practical consequences in the design of radio-frequency and microwave
circuits and to some extent in AC electrical power transmission and distribution systems.
It is also important in designing discharge tube circuits.
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